generated the bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and performed the antigen cross-presentation experiments
generated the bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and performed the antigen cross-presentation experiments. mechanism by which tumor cells systemically suppress the immune system, and provides a rationale for the application of exosomal PD-L1 as a predictor for anti-PD-1 therapy. EVs such as exosomes and microvesicles (a.k.a. shedding vesicles) carry bioactive molecules that influence the BMS-191095 extracellular environment and the immune system6C8. The exosomes from a panel of human primary and metastatic melanoma cell lines were purified by differential centrifugation9C11, and verified by transmission electron microscopy (EM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) (Fig. 1a and 1b). Proteins associated with the exosomes were BMS-191095 then analyzed by reverse phase protein array (RPPA), a large-scale antibody-based quantitative proteomics technology12. The RPPA and western blot analysis revealed PD-L1 in exosomes, and its level was significantly…